Evolution of Wheelchair Technology: A Comprehensive Overview of History, Disabilities, Types and Control Mechanisms

Document Type : Review Article

Authors

1 Mechatronics Engineering Department, Faculty of Engineering and Technology, Egyptian Chinese University, Cairo, Egypt

2 Mechanical Design and Production Department, Engineering Faculty, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt

Abstract

For individuals with severe disabilities, wheelchairs serve as vital tools for enabling movement and participation in society. This review explores the history of wheelchair development, from its inception in ancient civilizations to modern technological advancements, highlighting the impact of these innovations on accessibility and quality of life. The paper also examines the various diseases and conditions that necessitate wheelchair use, such as spinal cord injuries, cerebral palsy, muscular dystrophy, and multiple sclerosis, emphasizing their prevalence and societal implications. In addition, the review delves into advancements in wheelchair design, including manual and electric models, smart wheelchairs with integrated artificial intelligence, and specialized chairs that assist with standing or reclining. By addressing barriers such as affordability, accessibility, and inclusivity, this paper underscores the importance of integrating technological innovation with policy reforms and psychological support to enhance the lives of individuals reliant on wheelchairs. Through a comprehensive analysis, this study aims to inspire future efforts to improve mobility solutions, fostering greater independence, inclusion, and equity for people with disabilities worldwide.

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Advanced Sciences and Technology Journal
Volume 2, Issue 2
December 2025
Pages 1-20

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